The Internet wasn't really invented but grew out of government and university needs in the 1960s. The U.S. Department of Defence during those years was concerned about the possibility of nuclear war with the Soviet Union. To defend against an attack, U.S. Defence Department officials wanted a way for separate computers to communicate with one another. They set up a network of university and military computers called the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) that were able to "talk" to one another and exchange information. Throughout the 1970s, computers in other countries joined ARPANET as other computer networks similar to ARPANET were established. By 1981, more than 200 computers were connected to the network.
It
wasn't until 1991, however, with the development of the World Wide Web, that
ARPANET and other networks joined to form what we know today as the Internet. Tim
Berners‑Lee, a British computer scientist, developed key pieces of the
architecture, or digital structure, and computer language that made it possible
for quick communication between computers. That development and others prompted
a rapid growth in Internet use during the 1990s. The arrival of browsers‑
computer programs used to search for information on the World Wide Web‑in 1993
further spurred the explosive growth of the Internet.
Here are list of the important year
on the internet revolutions.
a)
1958
The Semi-Automatic Ground Environment control system (Sage) builds the
world's largest computer, covering half an acre. Supported by Massachusetts
Institute of Technology and IBM, Sage is North America's air‑defence system ‑
connecting radar stations to track and intercept Soviet enemy aircraft.
b)
1960
Ted Nelson, a Harvard graduate student, founds Project Xanadu, the first
example of hypertext, a user‑interfaced computer display featuring hyperlinks
to direct a reader between text screens.
c)
1963
A computer scientist, JCR Licklider, conceives of the Intergalactic
Computer Network in a memo to colleagues at the US Defence Advanced Research
Projects Agency (Darpa). His universal networking idea anticipates today's
internet.
d)
1969
Darpa and MIT establish a link between computers at Stanford and UCLA.
The first message sent is the word "login", but the computers crash
after transmission of the "O". This first Arpanet connection runs on
packet‑switching technology invented by Donald Davies, a British scientist at
the National Physical Laboratory.
e)
1970
By December, the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (Arpanet) is
linking 13 computers across the United States.
f)
1971
Internet email comes into being when the programmer Ray Tomlinson
creates the @ symbol to separate user and host names.
g)
1974
The Arpanet begins abbreviating the term internetworking to
"internet".
h)
1978
393 Arpanet users receive an email advertisement simultaneously for DEC
computers ‑ the first example of spam.
i)
1982
The Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) is standardised, fully realising
the idea of a global network of interconnected TCP/IP systems ‑ and the rules
for the net are born.
j)
1989
Tim Berners‑Lee first proposes an information management system, the
World Wide Web, for use by researchers at Cern, Geneva. The World, the first
internet service provider, offers dial‑up to the public.
k)
1995
The National Science Foundation Network is decommissioned, opening up
the internet fully to commercial traffic. The online bookstore Amazon is
founded.
l)
1996
m)
2000
The
dotcom bubble bursts.
n)
2004
Mark Zuckerberg creates thefacebook.com at Harvard University.
o)
2008
Mobile
internet access exceeds that for desktop computers.
p)
2011
There
are an estimated 2.1 billion internet users worldwide.
ARTICLE BY
HEYWOOD JEHIA
2010175753
ARTICLE BY
HEYWOOD JEHIA
2010175753
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